Runica Bulgarica

Bulgarian Runiform Script

Bulgarian Runiform script is a writing system used in Eastern Europe from the 4th to 10th century AD by the Bulgars mostly for religious purposes.

Very little is known about the Bulgarian diaspora in Europe. According to Armenian and Sirian sources, Bulgarian tribes lived in Northern Caucasus in the 4th and 6th century. Jordan places Bulgars in the area of Pontian steppe. Also, there is evidence that some Bulgars moved to Pannonia with Huns. Those so-called Pannonian Bulgars continued to live also in Avar Khanate. In the 8th century, some of them were driven to Bavaria and Italy. In the beginning of the 8th century the enigmatic Bulgarian Khan Kubrat established Old Great Bulgaria in the area of the Pontic-Caspian steppe. At the end of the century through its tribal union collapsed and its territory was conquered by Khazars. Although some of Bulgars remained in the area of the Azovian sea, the group led by Kubrat's son Asparukh migrated to Lower Danube. In the 7th- 8th century another Bulgarian tribal group riched the Middle Volga region and established Volga Bulgaria. First runiform graphs and inscriptions were discovered in excavations of Danube Bulgarian capital Pliska in 1899. Since then hundreds of inscriptions and graphs were discovered. Unfortunately, some of them are not properly published, others not even recognised. The goal of the project Runica Bulgarica is to collect and present as many as possible runiform inscriptions and graphs.